Which cells in the retina are primarily associated with low-light vision?

Rods are specialized photoreceptor cells in the retina critical for vision in low-light conditions. They contain a photopigment called rhodopsin, which is highly sensitive to light, allowing rods to function effectively in dim environments. Unlike cones, which are responsible for color vision and work best in bright light, rods are more numerous and dominate peripheral vision, making them essential for night vision and seeing in dark settings.

The other types of cells listed, while important for overall visual processing, do not serve the same function in low-light conditions as rods. Cones are primarily responsible for daylight and color vision. Photoreceptors encompass both rods and cones, but the correct answer specifically highlights the type associated with low-light capabilities. Ganglion cells, on the other hand, are involved in transmitting visual signals from the retina to the brain but do not directly participate in the detection of low-light conditions. Thus, the role of rods in facilitating vision under such circumstances makes them the clear answer.