What theory explains how different pitches are perceived based on where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated?

Place theory is the concept that explains how different pitches are perceived based on the location of stimulation along the cochlea's membrane. According to this theory, different frequencies of sound waves cause vibrations at specific locations within the cochlea. Higher frequency sounds stimulate the base of the cochlea, while lower frequency sounds stimulate the apex. This spatial arrangement allows the auditory system to interpret sound frequencies based on the area of the cochlea that is activated, leading to the perception of different pitches.

In contrast, frequency theory posits that the rate at which neurons fire (the frequency of action potentials) corresponds to the frequency of the sound wave, which is more applicable to lower pitches. Combination theory would incorporate both place and frequency aspects, while wave theory generally refers to sound wave propagation principles rather than the neural mechanisms of pitch perception. Understanding place theory is crucial as it highlights the anatomical relationship between sound frequency and cochlear function.