What process explains how stimuli are transformed into sensory experiences?

The correct choice is transduction, which refers to the process through which sensory stimuli (like light, sound, or touch) are converted into neural signals that the brain can understand. This conversion is essential for sensation; without it, the raw data from the environment would remain unprocessed and meaningless.

For example, in the case of vision, light enters the eye and is transformed by the photoreceptors in the retina into electrical signals, which are then sent to the brain for processing. This process allows us to interpret and experience what we see.

The other concepts, while related, do not describe this fundamental transformation. Perception pertains to the interpretation and organization of sensory information once it has been transduced, transmission refers to the process of sending signals along neural pathways, and reaction relates to the physical response to a stimulus rather than the conversion of stimuli into sensory experiences.