What is the primary function of rods in the retina?

Rods are photoreceptor cells in the retina that play a crucial role in vision under low light conditions. Their primary function is to detect low light levels and enable night vision. They are highly sensitive to light, allowing us to see in dim settings, such as at dusk or in dark environments. In contrast to cones, which are responsible for color vision and function best in bright light, rods are more abundant in the peripheral regions of the retina and do not contribute to color perception.

Rods can detect changes in light intensity and motion, making them essential for vision in low-light situations. They function primarily through a process that converts light into neural signals that the brain can interpret, allowing us to perceive shapes and movements even when color distinction is minimal. This unique capability of rods under low-light conditions emphasizes their importance in our overall visual system, particularly in situations where light is scarce.