What is the last layer of photoreceptors in the retina that transmits signals to the brain in response to visual stimulation?

The last layer of photoreceptors in the retina that transmits signals to the brain in response to visual stimulation is indeed the ganglion cells. These cells receive signals from the bipolar cells, which in turn are connected to the rods and cones.

Rods and cones are responsible for detecting light and color, respectively, and they send their signals to the bipolar cells. The bipolar cells process this information and relay it to the ganglion cells, which are the final output neurons of the retina. Once the ganglion cells receive the processed visual information, they generate action potentials that are transmitted along their axons, forming the optic nerve. This nerve carries visual signals to the brain, where they are interpreted, allowing us to perceive what we see.

Understanding the role of ganglion cells is crucial because they serve as the key link between the sensory input from photoreceptors and the visual processing pathways in the brain.