What is the function of olfactory receptors?

The function of olfactory receptors is to detect and identify airborne chemicals, which is essential for the sense of smell. These receptors are specialized sensory neurons located in the nasal cavity that react to specific chemical compounds present in the air. When odorant molecules bind to these receptors, they initiate a signal transduction pathway that ultimately leads to the perception of smell in the brain.

This capability is crucial for various biological functions, including foraging for food, detecting predators, and social communication through pheromones. The ability to identify different airborne chemicals enables organisms to respond appropriately to their environment, making olfactory receptors vital for survival and interaction with the surroundings.