What is the definition of sensation in psychology?

Sensation in psychology refers specifically to the initial stage of information processing, where our sensory receptors, such as those in the eyes, ears, and skin, detect and respond to external stimuli. This process involves the reception of environmental stimuli (like light, sound, or touch) and the subsequent translation of those stimuli into signals that the nervous system can understand.

Option B encapsulates this definition by emphasizing the role of sensory receptors in receiving and representing these stimulus energies from the environment, which is crucial for perceiving the world around us. This foundational step is about capturing raw sensory data before any interpretation takes place, which aligns directly with the core concept of sensation.

Other options touch on aspects related to sensation but do not completely define it. For instance, interpreting sensory information relates more to perception, reflecting a later stage in the processing of sensory input. The capacity to respond without conscious awareness speaks to reflexes or automatic responses, which may occur after sensory information is registered but are not part of the sensation itself. Lastly, the ability to adapt to constant stimuli deals with sensory adaptation, a phenomenon that occurs after the initial sensation has already taken place and does not reflect the definition of sensation as a process.